Get your haggle on

That's the first rule of saving on everything. Sure, it can be difficult to step up and ask a salesperson, "Is this the best you can do?" But now's not the time to be shy. As a shopper, you're there to get the best deal you can, and part of that is seeing how low you can get a seller to go.

In a nationwide survey of 2,167 households by the Consumer Reports National Research Center, most respondents who tried to talk their way to a discount achieved some success. During the past three years, more than 90 percent of those who haggled over furniture, electronics, appliances, floor and demonstration models, and even medical bills scored a lower price on at least one purchase. The most successful bargainers said they saved $50 or more. And in the case of cell-phone deals and medical fees, more than one-fourth saved at least $100.

When it comes to haggling, fear of appearing foolish often holds people back. But that is just what sellers hope for, says Max Edison, author of "How to Haggle" (Paladin Press, 2001). Negotiating isn't something to be ashamed of. As Edison says, "The worst that can happen is that someone says no."

Regardless of what you're bargaining for, you can boost your success rate with the right approach.

Be patient and be nice

Demanding a discount rarely works. Savvy negotiators know that a smile is more difficult to resist than tough talk.

Time your haggling

Late in the month, when salespeople are trying to meet their quotas, can be a good time to bargain for big-ticket items. Evening or early morning hours are usually less busy, so clerks will have time to talk.

Know before you go

Research prices and store policies. Bring Web printouts, flyers, and newspaper ads with you. Mention if a local competitor is selling the item for less. The store might be willing to match your best quote. If you can't get a price discount, ask for free shipping, delivery, or installation.

Learn to read the ticket

Price or inventory tags often contain date stamps that tell you how long an item has been in the store, though you might need to ask a salesperson to help you locate and decipher the code. Retailers are often more willing to cut the price on merchandise that has been on the sales floor a longer time.

Avoid an audience

Haggle out of earshot of other customers. Sales clerks don't want everyone else in the store asking for a deal, too. Keep in mind that at chain stores, salespeople often don't have the power to offer discounts. Try a manager or supervisor instead.

Inquire about sales

Salespeople often know when an item will be going on sale. Ask if they will hold something for you until then—or let you have it now at the lower price.

Find fixable flaws

Look for minor imperfections you can live with or easily repair. You might get a discount.

Offer to pay cash

Merchants don't like to pay transaction fees to a credit-card company. Such fees are about 2 percent for large retailers and as much as 8 percent for small ones.

Be prepared to walk

The most persuasive weapon you have in your haggling arsenal is your ability to walk away and spend your money someplace else.