Skin cancer (melanoma)
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What are the symptoms of melanoma?

The two main symptoms of melanoma are changes in moles that you already have and new moles appearing on your skin.

See your doctor as soon as you can if a mole:
 
 
 
 
 
Source:
Cancer Research UK.
Melanoma overview.
February 2009. Available at http://www.cancerhelp.org.uk/help/default.asp?page=141 (accessed on 18 August 2009).
 
 
 
 
 
1

  • Changes shape or size
  • Changes color
  • Feels different (rougher or scalier than before)
  • Hurts or itches
  • Oozes fluid or pus
  • Crusts over
  • Bleeds
  • Gets red or swells.
If you're a woman, you're most likely to get a melanoma on your leg. If you're a man, you're most likely to get a melanoma on your chest or back.
 
 
 
 
 
Source:
Cancer Research UK.
CancerStats key facts on skin cancer.
July 2008. Available at http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/ (accessed on 18 August 2009).
 
 
 
 
 
2 But these are just the most common places that melanomas appear. When you check your skin, you should examine your whole body.

If you are at all worried about a mole, see your doctor as soon as you can.

How to check your skin
You should check the moles on your body regularly to see if they have changed.

Watch out for moles that aren't round and have uneven edges.

When you're checking your moles:
 
 
 
 
 
Source:
National Cancer Institute.
What you need to know about skin cancer.
Available at http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/wyntk/skin (accessed on 18 August 2009).
 
 
 
 
 
3

  • Make sure the light in the room is good
  • Check every part of your body. Try to use a system. For example, you might check the left side of your body first and then the right. And then check your back
  • Have a friend or relative check your back and other parts of your body that are hard to see
  • Use a comb or blow-dryer to check your scalp. You may need to have a friend help you with this
  • Don't forget to check your buttocks and genitals
  • Use a full-length mirror and a hand-held mirror if you can't find someone to help you check the parts of your body that are hard to see.
There's an easy way to remember what to look for. Just think of ABCD.

A stands for asymmetry. This means that the mole isn't round and even like a circle.

B stands for border. A normal mole has a smooth border. The moles you need to watch out for are the ones with jagged edges or notches in the edges.

C stands for color. If your mole is several different colors, you should get it checked out. You should be suspicious if your mole has many colors, such as black, tan, red, blue and white.

D stands for diameter, which is the distance from one side of the mole to the other. Look out for moles that are wider than a pencil eraser. But remember: the smaller a melanoma is when you find it, the better your chances of getting rid of it.
 
 
 
 
 
Source:
Guill CK, Orengo I.
Cutaneous malignant melanoma.
Dermatology Nursing. 2001; 13: 210-213.
 
 
 
 
 
4

Some melanomas will fit all of the ABCDs. But some will fit only one or two.

What is an atypical mole?
Sometimes a mole may fit some of the ABCDs but not be a melanoma. These types of moles are called atypical moles. An atypical mole may be more likely to become a melanoma.
 
 
 
 
 
Source:
National Cancer Institute.
What you need to know about skin cancer.
Available at http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/wyntk/skin (accessed on 18 August 2009).
 
 
 
 
 
3 If you're not sure about anything you find on your skin, it's a good idea to have it checked.

Sources for the information on this page:
  1. Cancer Research UK.Melanoma overview.February 2009. Available at http://www.cancerhelp.org.uk/help/default.asp?page=141 (accessed on 18 August 2009).
  2. Cancer Research UK.CancerStats key facts on skin cancer.July 2008. Available at http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/ (accessed on 18 August 2009).
  3. National Cancer Institute.What you need to know about skin cancer.Available at http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/wyntk/skin (accessed on 18 August 2009).
  4. Guill CK, Orengo I.Cutaneous malignant melanoma.Dermatology Nursing. 2001; 13: 210-213.
This information was last updated on Oct 13, 2009
BMJ Group
This information is for educational use only, and is not a substitute for prompt professional medical advice. Readers should always consult a physician or other professional for advice and treatment.
© BMJ Publishing Group Limited 2010. All rights reserved.
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